Whether it is about repairing a damaged thread or threading a fresh material, we need to use the right tap and technique. The best threading jobs mean minimum material wastage and wear and tear on your tool.
There are two types of threading that is internal and external. Hand taps are threading tools used for internal threading, whereas dies are used for external threading. In this blog, we will discuss how both hand taps and dies work, with a major focus on proper threading techniques using hand taps.
Learning about internal and external threading
Internal threading: It is performed by a tool named tap, which drills a hole to a particular diameter for the thread size and the pitch to be cut.
External Threading: Most of the external threads on the bolts and studs are created using a die. An unthreaded but headed blank is placed between two opposing dies and rolled to form the threads.
Hand taps can be made from different materials, with the most common being HSS (High-Speed Steel). For harder materials, HSS-G (Ground High-Speed Steel) taps are often used due to their ability to withstand high cutting speeds and maintain durability.
Techniques for Proper Threading
Now coming back to our main discussion, let us discuss the basic threading techniques:
- Handle Taps with Care
Hand taps are made from hard materials, which makes them brittle. They are excellent at cutting through softer metals, but they can break if mishandled. Always use a T-handle to turn the tap. A T-handle provides even force, prevents the tap from going off-center, and reduces the risk of breaking. Do not use wrenches or locking pliers because they can cause uneven pressure and damage the tap.
- Lubricate Your Tapping Area
Lubrication minimizes the friction and makes cutting smoother. Using a light oil or tapping fluid is of great help while removing chips as it allows for more easier cuts. Even in a pinch, simple oils like WD-40 or PAM cooking spray can serve as effective lubricants. Also, lubrication helps you to cool down the cutting area, preventing heat build-up that can damage the tap.
- Take Your Time
When using hand taps, it's important to go slowly and carefully. Rushing through the process can cause mistakes. Always turn the tap steadily and apply consistent pressure. If you feel resistance, stop and reverse the tap slightly to clear any chips before continuing.
- Break Up the Chips
During threading, metal chips (or swarf) can build up in the flutes of the tap. These chips can block the cutting path. To avoid this, periodically reverse the tap to break the chips and clear the flutes. This is most important for smaller taps, as chip clearing becomes more difficult.
Best Considerations for Threading Success
There are some factors to keep in mind before going for the threading process using hand tapping:
Choose the Right Tap Type:
- Taper Tap: Best for starting threads.
- Plug Tap: Best for cutting deeper threads in through or blind holes.
- Bottom Tap: Perfect to finish threading all the way to the bottom of a blind hole.
Select the Correct Hole Size: Using the wrong hole size can result in poor thread quality or a broken tap.
Tap Material Matters: HSS Hand Taps are great for softer materials like aluminum, copper, and mild steel. On the other hand, HSS-G hand taps are used for harder materials like stainless steel or titanium because they can withstand higher heat and wear.
Thread Type and Size: Threads come in different standards, including SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) and Metric. Always make sure you're using the correct thread size for your project.
Conclusion
Mastering the art of hand tapping requires professional experience; however, you can also do it yourself after some time. In both cases, it is crucial to follow the proper techniques mentioned above to create durable threads for any project.
If you're looking for high-quality taps & dies for your threading jobs, whether for mechanics, automotive, or construction work, browse Volkel Store. They offer a wide selection of cutting and threading tools. Visit their website now!
